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Independent consultant to the police, local authorities, faith groups and private organisations and, at the time of the Inquiry, Public Relations Officer of the Federation of Muslim Organisations (FMO) Leicestershire. Expressed concern that the Inquiry had at that time not fully addressed the negative representation of Muslims in the media. He referred to a report from Lancaster University on the adverse effects of irresponsible and prejudiced reporting in the period 1998-2009.

Founded in 2002. National private-sector ombudsman scheme, which works to resolve complaints between consumers and companies that are signed up to their scheme. Free and impartial means of resolving disputes outside of the courts. Submitted evidence to the Inquiry about how such a scheme could work for the press.

Independent membership organisation for editors at all levels, within national, regional and local publications across all medias, working to protect the freedom of the press. The Society made several submissions throughout the Inquiry and many of its members gave individual evidence. Of particular concern to the Society and the editors it represented was the "Section 40" proposal that would force newspapers to pay the costs of legal action against them, regardless of the merit, if that publisher hadn't signed up to an "approved regulator". At the formal closing of the Inquiry, Culture Secretary Matt Hancock told the house that Section 40 would not go ahead.

The national trade-union body representing around 50 affiliated trade unions in England and Wales, with a total of about 5.6 million members. Submitted evidence to the Inquiry on a variety of issues including its belief that the question of ownership of the press was crucial to the democratic process and that new rules were needed limiting the powers of individual owners. Argued that any system of regulation had to be consistent with the need to preserve the freedom of the press.

International non-governmental organisation based in Germany with a non-profit purpose to combat global corruption and prevent criminal activities arising from corruption. It submitted views on areas in which sections of the UK media may have acted corruptly, and areas in which there was no evidence of corruption by the UK media but where the environment may have been conducive to corruption.

Based in Washington DC, the WPFC offered the opinion that the British constitutional example of free speech could not be overstated internationally. It represented 45 journalistic organisations on five continents, including the London-based Commonwealth Press Union Media Trust and partners such as the Committee of Press Freedom Organisation and Committee to Protect Journalists. Offered the view that to be credible an independent self-regulatory body should include members of the public and journalistic representatives who understood the press.

Founded 1903. British daily tabloid which has supported the Labour Party since the 1945 general election. Now part of Reach Plc which took over the holdings of Trinity Mirror following the phone-hacking scandal when damages of £1.25m were awarded to eight people whose phones were hacked by Daily Mirror and Sunday Mirror journalists. Editors of both papers were dismissed and Lloyd Embley was appointed editor of both titles in wake of the scandal.

Founded 1978. British daily tabloid newspaper published Monday to Saturday with a circulation of more than 400,000 readers. Regular features include topless models and “Star Babes”, gossip articles and TV news column “Hot TV”. The newspaper paid damages and issued front-page apologies to the McCann family for libellous coverage of their daughter’s disappearance.

Founded 2002. British weekly tabloid newspaper launched as a sister title to the Daily Star. Stuart James took over the editorship in February 2014 from the paper's previous editor, Peter Carbery. The newspaper, along with the Daily Star, paid damages and issued front-page apologies to the McCann family for defamatory coverage of their daughter’s disappearance.

Daily newspaper in the UK, first published as a broadsheet in 1900. Acquired by Richard Desmond in 2000. Hugh Whittow was appointed editor in 2011. He told the Inquiry that “ethics play a big role in the Daily Express” and all journalists adhered to the Editors Code of Practice. He admitted to some misleading statistics about the EU and a fabricated story about the banning of salt.

Founded 1855. National daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed across the United Kingdom and internationally. The paper has a conservative political stance and has had notable news scoops such as the 2009 MP expenses scandal and its 2016 undercover investigation into the then England football manager Sam Allardyce.

Broadsheet newspaper founded in 1783. The Herald claims to be the longest-running national newspaper in the world, and is the eighth oldest daily paper in the world. The title was simplified from The Glasgow Herald in 1992. Edited at the time of the Inquiry by Jonathan Russell, who gave evidence on the relationship between press and police in Strathclyde and the importance of professional press officers aiding the police.

A multimedia news agency operating in the UK and Ireland, PA Group is a private company with 26 shareholders, most of whom are national and regional newspaper publishers. Jonathan Grun, editor at the time of the Inquiry, gave evidence for PA and said the Association took its responsibilities very seriously indeed. PA had a reputation for speed, accuracy and flexibility and had no political views, he said, adding that all transactions adhere closely to the PCC code of conduct.

Sunday edition of The Telegraph, a national British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group. See also the evidence of Patrick Hennessy, Political Editor of the Telegraph at time of Inquiry, who gave his view that self-regulation was the best form of regulation.

Sunday edition of The Times, published by Times Newspapers Ltd, a subsidiary of News UK, owned by News Corp. See also the evidence of John Witherow, editor at the time of the Inquiry (and subsequently editor of The Times since 2013); Jonathan Ungoed-Thomas, Chief Reporter at time of giving evidence; and Mazher Mahmood, former award-winning journalist jailed in 2015 for conspiring to pervert the course of justice.

Daily national newspaper based in London. First issued 1785 under the masthead The Daily Universal Register, adopting its current name on 1 January 1788. The Times and its sister paper, the Sunday Times (founded in 1821), are published by Times Newspapers, a subsidiary of News UK, wholly owned by News Corp. The Times and Sunday Times do not share editorial staff, were founded independently, and have only had common ownership since 1967. James Harding, editor at the time of the Inquiry, and Philip Webster, editor of The Times website and former political editor, gave evidence. Rupert Pennant-Rae gave evidence on behalf of the INDS, The Times's six Independent Directors.

Regional evening newspaper based in Wolverhampton and covering the West Midlands and Staffordshire. Adrian Faber had been editor of the Express and Star for 10 years at time of giving evidence and spoke of the culture change that had occurred when the West Midlands Police introduced press officers. Told the Inquiry that relationships were generally good but that the police's aim of "reassuring the public" could be frustrating.

The National Union of Journalists (NUJ) is a trade union for journalists in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. Founded in 1907, the NUJ is one of the biggest journalists' unions in the world. It is a member of the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ).